What is the key function of the liver in relation to glucose?

The key function of the liver in relation to glucose involves its ability to regulate blood glucose levels through two primary processes: gluconeogenesis and glycogen storage. The liver plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the body by controlling how much glucose is released into the bloodstream and how it is stored.

Gluconeogenesis is the process by which the liver synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol, especially during periods of fasting or low carbohydrate intake. This process ensures that the body has a continuous supply of glucose, which is vital for energy, particularly for the brain and red blood cells.

Additionally, the liver stores glucose in the form of glycogen, which can be broken down back into glucose when needed, such as between meals or during physical activity. This storage function allows the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream to maintain stable blood sugar levels.

Together, these functions highlight the liver's integral role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis, making it essential for energy balance and metabolic health.