Which infectious disease is diagnosed using the Mantoux test?

The Mantoux test, also known as the tuberculin skin test, is specifically designed to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). During this test, a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) is injected just under the skin, usually on the forearm. After 48 to 72 hours, the injection site is examined for a specific type of reaction, which indicates whether the individual has been exposed to TB bacteria. A positive result suggests that either an active infection or prior exposure has occurred, warranting further investigation.

The other diseases listed do not utilize the Mantoux test for diagnosis. Hepatitis is diagnosed through serological tests for antibodies or antigens specific to the hepatitis viruses. COVID-19 is primarily diagnosed using PCR or antigen tests detecting the virus or its genetic material. Strep throat is diagnosed through rapid antigen tests or throat cultures that specifically look for streptococcal bacteria. Therefore, the Mantoux test is unique in its application for tuberculosis detection.