Which laboratory test is commonly used to monitor diabetes mellitus?

Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the primary laboratory test used to monitor long-term glucose control in individuals with diabetes mellitus. This test measures the percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose attached to it over the previous two to three months, providing a reliable indicator of average blood glucose levels during that period.

Monitoring HbA1c levels is crucial for assessing how well diabetes is managed, guiding treatment decisions, and predicting the risk of diabetes-related complications. Typically, target HbA1c levels for patients with diabetes are set by healthcare providers based on individual patient needs and may be adjusted according to age and overall health.

In contrast, a Complete Blood Count (CBC) primarily evaluates overall health and detects a variety of disorders, such as anemia and infections, but does not provide specific insights into blood sugar levels. Prothrombin Time (PT) is used to assess blood clotting and monitor anticoagulant therapy, and Liver Function Tests (LFTs) evaluate liver health and function rather than blood glucose regulation. Therefore, HbA1c is the most relevant test in the context of diabetes monitoring and management.