Which quality management approach aims primarily at reducing defects and variability in processes?

Six Sigma is a quality management approach specifically designed to minimize defects and reduce variability in processes. This method utilizes a data-driven strategy to identify and eliminate root causes of errors in a manufacturing or business process, which leads to significant improvements in quality and operational efficiency.

The main focus of Six Sigma is to achieve near-perfect quality, which is quantified as achieving fewer than 3.4 defects per million opportunities. By employing statistical analysis, it identifies process variations and systematically seeks to improve processes through defined methodologies, such as DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control).

This rigorous methodology distinguishes itself from other approaches by not only addressing the problems but also embedding a culture of quality into an organization where each employee understands their role in maintaining process integrity. Thus, the primary aim of Six Sigma is effectively aligned with the goal of significantly reducing defects and variability in processes.